Author: Carolyn Jane Puglisi
Puglisi, Carolyn Jane, 2007 The Role of acetylenic and allenic precursors in the formation of beta-damascenone., Flinders University, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
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ABSTRACT This thesis describes an investigation into the role of acetylenic and allenic precursors in the formation of the important aroma compound β-damascenone (1). Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the subject, beginning with a brief history of the Australian wine industry which began with the first fleet's arrival in 1788. Many of the various volatile compounds found in wine are then discussed, with particular emphasis on β-damascenone (1). Some previous syntheses of 1 are summarised, as well as the in vivo generation of this compound, and also the role of glycoconjugation in nature. The chapter concludes with the aims of the present work. Chapter 2 covers the synthesis of the suspected acetylenic precursor 9-hydroxymegastigma-3,5-dien-7-yne (36), which was prepared by the addition of 3-butyn-2-ol to 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, followed by a conjugate dehydration reaction. The synthetic sample of 36 was shown to be identical to a compound previously observed in the hydrolysate of 3,5,9-trihydroxymegastigma-6,7-diene (31). Upon acid hydrolysis, 36 produced > 90% β-damascenone (1). Chapter 3 outlines the synthesis and hydrolysis of the C9 glycoside 43, which was prepared by a modified Koenigs-Knorr procedure on aglycone 36. Diastereomerically pure samples of each of the two possible glycosides were synthesised from corresponding enantiomerically pure samples of 36, which in turn were prepared by the use of either (R) or (S) 3-butyn-2-ol. Detailed hydrolytic studies (at 25 degrees C) were conducted on both the aglycone and the two glycosides: the half lives of conversion of 36 into 1 were 40 hours and 65 hours at pH 3.0 and pH 3.2 respectively; the (9R) diastereomer of 43 had half-lives of 3 days and 6 days, respectively at the same pH values, whereas the (9S) diastereomer had half lives of 3.5 days and 6.5 days, respectively at the same pH values. The synthesis of the other suspected precursor, megastigma-4,6,7-triene-3,9-diol (35) is covered in Chapter 4. This allene was prepared by addition of 3-butyn-2-ol to phorenol, with the allene function generated by reaction with lithium aluminium hydride. By using (3S)-phorenol and both (R) and (S) 3-butyn-2-ol, four different diastereomers of 35 were prepared and characterised. The (3S, 6R, 9S)-isomer of 35 was also found to be identical to a compound previously observed in the hydrolysate of (31). A detailed hydrolytic study of the four synthetic isomers of 35 is contained within Chapter 5. This study revealed that each of the four isomers underwent rapid epimerisation at 25 degrees C and pH 3.0. Careful analysis of the four product mixtures by chiral GC-MS revealed that this epimerisation was occurring exclusively at C3. The complete absence of 3-hydroxydamascone (2) from any of the hydrolysates required a re-appraisal of the mechanism of in vivo formation of β-damascenone (1), which forms the focus of the second half of this chapter. The experimental procedures (materials and methods) for all work covered in chapters 2-5 are located in Chapter 6.
Keywords: beta-damascenone precursors,beta-damascenone,acetylenic precursors to beta damascenone,allenic precursors to beta-damasconone,9-hydroxymegastigma-3,5-dien-7-yne,megastigma-4,6,7-triene-3,9-diol,glycoside
Subject: Chemistry thesis
Thesis type: Doctor of Philosophy
Completed: 2007
School: School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
Supervisor: Dr Gordon Elsey, Professor Rolf Prager, Dr Mark Sefton.